美食有多少年的历史？

从沿革看，中国饮食文化绵延170多万年，分为生食、熟食、自然烹饪、科学烹饪4个发展阶段，推出6万多种传统菜点、2万多种工业食品、五光十色的筵宴和流光溢彩的风味流派，获得“烹饪王国”的美誉。从内涵上看，中国饮食文化涉及到食源的开发与利用、食具的运用与创新、食品的生产与消费、餐饮的服务与接待、餐饮业与食品业的经营与管理，以及饮食与国泰民安、饮食与文学艺术、饮食与人生境界的关系等，深厚广博。

有谁知道 西方的食用菌饮食文化？

食用菌皇后——羊肚菌 (Morel)

意大利的北部，是一处阳光斑驳的山丘、静谧肥沃的平原以及古老悠远的自然古迹能畅然对话的天堂，也正是天性热爱自由的菌类的圣地。世界四大名菌之首、以神秘和高贵著称的“食用菌皇后”羊肚菌便源于此地。春甫回转，在针阔叶混交林中，羊肚菌便伴随着最早到来的清新春风悄然生长。它的生长周期极其短暂，仅为两到三周，成功采撷的每一朵都可谓弥足珍贵。在历史上，它更是贵为帝皇君主方能专享的山珍极品。

干羊肚菌外形恰如其名，呈深浅有致的褐色，香味非常独特，集肉类之浓郁和菌类之清香，口感脆嫩细致，无限回味。羊肚菌营养非常丰富，含有人体所需的20种氨基酸中的18种，其中8种是人体不能制造的 “必需氨基酸”；此外，它还具有极高的保健价值，能增强免疫能力、抗菌、抗疲劳，被国际上公认为最健康的食品之一。

面食的祖师爷是谁?

世界的面食之根就在山西。今天的晋南作为中华民族的发祥地，在这里，炎鞭百草，稷教稼穑，上古时期出现了华夏第一饼——尧主饼，自此顺流而下，有汉之煮饼、晋之烫饼、唐之冷淘……凡此种种，无不由三晋而生，由三晋而兴，由三晋而演绎流传，惠及四海，泽被五洲，形成了博大精深的中华面食文化。稷是周王朝的祖先后稷，他教给百姓种植粮食的方法，把人类带入了农耕文明。于是人们把当时的粮食作物黍就叫作稷，他也被奉为谷神。传说今天的晋南稷山县就是后稷生长和教民稼穑之地。后来人们称后稷为稷，就是面食之根的创始人。
山西面食从远古走向今天，山西面食从黄土高原走向全国，走向世界。山西面食，不仅是中华民族饮食文化中的重要组成部分，也是世界饮食文化中的一朵奇葩。

英国饮食文化 英文版

The history of Britain has played a large part in it’s traditions, it’s culture – and it’s food. The Romans for instance brought us cherries, stinging nettles ( to be used as a salad vegetable), cabbages and peas, as well as improving the cultivation of crops such as corn. And they brought us wine! The Romans were prolific road builders, these roads allowing for the first time the easy transportation of produce throughout the country.

The Saxons were excellent farmers and cultivated a wide variety of herbs. These were not used just for flavour as they are today but were used as bulk to pad out stews.

The Vikings and Danes brought us the techniques for smoking and drying fish – even today the North East coasts of England and Scotland are the places to find the best kippers – Arbroath Smokies, for example. Collops is an old Scandinavian word for pieces or slices of meat, and a dish of Collops is traditionally served on Burns Night (25th January) in Scotland. York Ham is a great favourite with the British housewife. The first York Ham is said to have been smoked with the sawdust of oak trees used in the building of York Minster.

The Normans invaded not only our country but also our eating habits! They encouraged the drinking of wine and even gave us words for common foods – mutton (mouton) and beef (boeuf) for example. In the 12th century the Crusaders were the first Britons to taste oranges and lemons whilst in Jaffa in 1191-2.

Britain has always been a great trading nation. Saffron was first introduced into Cornwall by the Phoenicians at a very early date when they first came to Britain to trade for tin. Derived from the dried and powdered stigmas of the saffron crocus, saffron is still used today in British cooking. The importation of foods and spices from abroad has greatly influenced the British diet. In the Middle Ages, wealthy people were able to cook with spices and dried fruits from as far away as Asia. It has been said however that the poor people were lucky to eat at all!

In Tudor times, new kinds of food started to arrive due to the increase in trade and the discovery of new lands. Spices from the Far East, sugar from the Caribbean, coffee and cocoa from South America and tea from India. Potatoes from America began to be widely grown. Eccles Cakes evolved from Puritan days when rich cakes and biscuits were banned.

Turkeys were bred almost exclusively in Norfolk up until the 20th century. In the 17th century, turkeys were driven from Norfolk to the London markets in great flocks of 500 birds or more. Their feet were sometimes bandaged to protect them. Upon arrival in London, they had to be fattened up for several days before market.

The growth of the Empire brought new tastes and flavours – Kedgeree, for example, is a version of the Indian dish Khichri and was first brought back to Britain by members of the East India Company. It has been a traditional dish at the British breakfast table since the 18th and 19th centuries.

Nowadays you can sample cuisines from all around the world – chinese, indian, italian, french, american, spanish, thai, etc., reflecting the ethnic diversity of Britain today as well as the modern ease of travel. Some would even claim ‘Curry’ to be a traditional British dish – although it bears little resemblance to the curries to be found in India!

So what is British cuisine? Roast Beef and Yorkshire Pudding, Steak and Kidney Pie, Trifle – these are the dishes that everyone associates with Britain. But like the country of Britain which is constantly changing and evolving, so is British food, and whilst today these dishes are ‘traditionally British’, in the future perhaps dishes such as the British Curry will join them!